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        <title xml:lang="en">Letter from Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha to Emperor Maximilian
               II, Constantinople, 9 July 1565</title>
        <title xml:lang="de">Großwesir Sokollu Mehmed Pascha an Kaiser Maximilian II.,
               Konstantinopel, 9. Juli 1565</title>
        <title xml:lang="tr">Vezir-i Azam Sokollu Mehmed Paşa’nın İmparator II. Maximilian’a
               mektubu, Kostantiniyye, 9 Temmuz 1565</title>
        <author>
          <persName>Sokollu Mehmed Pasha</persName>
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            <forename>Nilab</forename>
            <surname>Saeedi</surname>
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            <surname>Vogelsberger</surname>
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            <forename>Yasir</forename>
            <surname>Yılmaz</surname>
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            <forename>Samuel</forename>
            <surname>Huckleberry</surname>
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          <address>
            <country>Austria</country>
            <settlement>Vienna</settlement>
            <addrLine>Österreichischer Wissenschaftsfonds FWF</addrLine>
            <addrLine>Georg-Coch-Platz 2</addrLine>
            <addrLine>1010 Wien</addrLine>
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        <pubPlace ana="marcrelator:pup">Vienna</pubPlace>
        <date ana="dcterms:issued" when="2025">2025</date>
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        <title n="6" xml:lang="en">The Ottoman Grand Vizierate 1560s to 1760s</title>
        <title n="6" xml:lang="de">GraViz: Das osmanische Großwesirat (1560-1760)</title>
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            <surname>Yılmaz</surname>
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        <title xml:lang="de">Digitale Edition von Quellen zur habsburgisch-osmanischen
               Diplomatie 1500–1918</title>
        <title xml:lang="en">Digital Scholarly Edition of Habsburg-Ottoman Diplomatic Sources
               1500–1918</title>
        <title xml:lang="tr">Habsburg-Osmanlı Diplomasisi Kaynakları Dijital Edisyonu
               1500–1918</title>
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          <resp xml:lang="en">project lead</resp>
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            <surname>Strohmeyer</surname>
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        <p>Sokollu Mehmed Pasha’s letter to King Maximilian discusses the renewal of peace and
               friendship after the expiry of an eight-year treaty. The actions of Maximilian’s
               troops in the Transylvanian province are scrutinized and the importance of honoring
               the imperial letter of agreement is emphasized. Sokollu Mehmed Pasha asserts control
               over territories and fortresses, highlighting discrepancies in Maximilian’s claims
               regarding promises made by local commanders. The letter demands the immediate
               withdrawal of troops from disputed areas and the swift dispatch of promised gifts to
               ensure continued peace. It concludes with a warning against hostilities and a promise
               to reciprocate either with peace or with necessary measures based on Maximilian’s
               response.</p>
      </abstract>
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          <persName ref="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119472449">Sokollu Mehmed Pasha</persName>
          <date type="Hijri">972.12.10</date>
          <date when="1565-07-09">1565.07.09</date>
        </correspAction>
        <correspAction type="received">
          <persName ref="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11857938X">Maximilian II.</persName>
        </correspAction>
      </correspDesc>
      <langUsage>
        <language ident="ota">Ottoman Turkish</language>
        <language ident="en">English</language>
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          <term ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q454">peace</term>
          <term ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491">friendship</term>
          <term ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760704">withdrawal</term>
          <term ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080137">troop</term>
          <term ref="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184303">gift</term>
        </keywords>
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          <ref target="info:fedora/context:graviz" type="context">GraViz: Das osmanische Großwesirat
                  (1560-1760)</ref>
          <ref target="info:fedora/context:graviz.l" type="context">Letters</ref>
          <ref target="info:fedora/context:graviz.smp" type="context">Letters from the Sokollu Mehmed Pasha
                  (1565-1579) period</ref>
          <ref target="info:fedora/context:qhod" type="context">Online Edition von Quellen zur
                  habsburgisch-osmanischen Diplomatie (1500-1918) </ref>
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      <div type="transcription" xml:id="graviz.l.15650709" xml:lang="ota">
        <ab xml:id="ab.1">
          <lb/>Ṣaḥīfe numeresi 628 <lb/>29 <lb/>Aḥad <date when="1565-07-09">fī 10
                  Ẕi’l-ḥicceti’ş-şerīfe ʿīd-i ʿażḥā-yı mübārek sene 972</date>
          <lb/>
          <rs ref="#mpr6718" type="place">Nemçe</rs> ve <rs ref="#mpr9291" type="place">Alāmān</rs> Ḳrālı <rs
            ref="#mpr14157"
            type="person">Maksimilyānūş Ḳrāla</rs>
               nāme-i şerīf ki ḥāliyā südde-i seniyye-i ʿadālet-ʿunvān ve ʿatebe-i ʿalīyye-i
               saʿādet-nişānumuza <lb/>ḳidvetül ümerā ilçiñüz <rs
            ref="#mpr19424" type="person">Mīkel</rs> birle mektūb-ı vidād-maṣḥūbuñuz vārid olub babañuz <rs
            ref="#mpr7956"
            type="person">imparādor Ferendūş</rs> ile mā-beynümüzde <lb/>vāḳīʿ olan sekiz
               yıllıḳ ṣulḥ u ṣalāḥ ve emn ü emānuñ emri tamām olınca ḳarındaşlaruñuz ṣulḥda bile
               olmaḳ üzere gendü <lb/>nāmuñuza tecdīd olınub irsāl-i ʿahd-nāme-i hümāyūnumuz
               muḳteżāsınca dostluḳ şarṭlarına riʿāyet itmek murāduñuz olub <lb/>ve <rs
            ref="#mpr14221"
            type="person">ḳrāl oġlı</rs> ile mā-beynüñüzde vāḳīʿ olan mācerā
               sebebi ile ol cānibe leşkerüñüz ḥareket idüb <rs
            ref="#mpr14221"
            type="person">ḳrāl
                  oġlı</rs> elinden alınan <lb/>ḳalʿalar eliñüzde ḳalmaḳ üzere leşkerüñüz serdārları
               ve ḳapudānlarıyla ṣulḥ itdügin ve ʿasker-i hümāyūnumuzla <rs
            ref="#mpr1785" type="place">Ṭımışvār</rs>
          <rs ref="#mpr19458" type="person">Beglerbegisi</rs>
          <lb/>ve <rs ref="#mpr14221"
            type="person">ḳrāl oġlı</rs> yanına ḥāżır olduḳda sābıḳān
               alınan ḳalʿalar aḥvāli ile ḥāliyā ʿasker-i İslāma ihānet ḳaṣd itmekle alınan <rs
            ref="#mpr19422" type="place">Panḳota</rs>
          <lb/>ḳalʿası <del rend="overstriked">aḥvāli</del> ḫuṣūṣı ẕikr olınub <rs ref="#mpr19422"
            type="place">Panḳota</rs> girü ṣaḥibine virilüb ʿasākir-i fevz-meʾās̱irimle
               müşārün-ileyh <rs
            ref="#mpr19458" type="person">Beglerbegi</rs> ve <rs ref="#mpr14221" type="person">ḳrāl oġlı</rs>

          <lb/>yerlerine çekilüb gendü leşkerüñüz daḫı yerlü yerine perākende olub ʿahd-nāme-i
               hümāyūnumuza derūn-ı dīlden i̇ṭāʿat ve inḳiyādda <lb/>olub <rs
            ref="#mpr14103" type="place">Sigetvār</rs> ve <rs ref="#mpr14130"
            type="place">Egri</rs> ve
               sāʾir serḥaddler muḥkem sedd olınub ṣulḥ u ṣalāḥ emri tamām istiḥkāmda olub geçen
               yıllıḳ <lb/>ʿuhdeñüze göre lāzım olan pīşkeşiñüzle ādemlerümüz bilā-tevaḳḳuf
               gönderilür diyü ṣafā-yı ḫāṭır ile envāʿ-ı ḫulūṣ ü vidādıñuz iʿlām <lb/>olınub bāb-ı
               muʿallāmuzda olan <rs
            ref="#mpr19424"
            type="person">ilçiñüz</rs> daḫı gendüye vārid
               olan mektūbuñuz mūcebince sizüñ ṭarafuñuzdan her ne taḳrīr <lb/>ü beyān eylemiş ise
               ʿale’t-tafṣīl ʿizz-i ḥużūr-ı lāmiʿū’n-nūrumuza ʿarż olınub ʿilm-i şerīf-i
               ʿālem-ārāmuz muḥīṭ ve şāmil olmışdur <lb/>eyle olsa ḥaḳḳ ṣübḥānehū ve teʿālā
               ḥażretlerünüñ ʿuluvv-ı ʿināyeti ile <rs
            ref="#mpr9372" type="place">vilāyet-i
                  Erdel</rs> ḳuvvet-i ḳāhiremüzle fetḥ olınmış memleketümüz olub <lb/>
          <rs ref="#mpr14221" type="person">ḳrāl oġlı</rs> cenāb-ı devlet-meʿābumuz ṭarafından
                  <rs
            ref="#mpr9372"
            type="place">vilāyet-i merḳūmeyi</rs> sancaġ-ı
               nuṣret-āyātumuzla żabṭ idüb sāʾir umerāʾ ḳullarum gibi aḥvāli <lb/>emr-i şerīfümüze
               mevḳūf iken icāzet-i hümāyūnumuz olmadın serdārlaruñuz ve ḳapudānlaruñuzla itdügi
               ṣulḥ nice mūʿteber olur memālīk-i <lb/>maḥrūsem ḫuṣūṣında anlaruñ ʿahd ü peymānı
               nāmeñüzde teẕekkür olınmaḳ ġāyet müstebʿaddur meẕkūr <rs
            ref="#mpr19424"
            type="person">ilçiñüz</rs> bundan evvel baʿżı virgüñüzle <lb/>dergāh-ı muʿallāma
               gelüb <rs
            ref="#mpr19427" type="person">Plāj Menhār</rs> ġavġāsıyla <rs ref="#mpr14221"
            type="person">ḳrāl oġlı</rs> fużūlen alduġı yerler ve ḳalʿalar aḥvālı
               söyleşildükde <rs
            ref="#mpr2037" type="place">Bānā</rs> ḳalʿasından ġayri <pb facs="#IMG002" n="1v"/>

          <lb/>ḳalʿalar sizüñ cānibüñüze virilmek muḳarrer olub ʿahdnāme-i hümāyūnumuz
               gönderilmişken varub vāṣil olmadın muʿāhede-i hümāyūnumuza <lb/>muḫālif leşker
               ḳaldırub vilāyet-i mezbūreye gönderüb <rs
            ref="#mpr15756" type="place">Ṣaḳmār</rs>
               ḳalʿası ṭaleb olınurken <rs ref="#mpr14069"
            type="place">Toḳāy</rs> ve <rs ref="#mpr19423"
            type="place">Serençz</rs> ve ġayri <lb/>ḳalʿalara tecāvüz olınub
               nice yerleriyle teṣarrufuñuza alub ve alınan ḳalʿalar aḥvāli tekrār <rs
            ref="#mpr19424"
            type="person">ilçiñüz</rs> gelmege teʾḫīr <lb/>olınmaḳ münāsib olmayub ammā
               iẓhār olınan dostluġıñuz muḳteżāsınca tekrār <rs
            ref="#mpr19424" type="person">ilçiñüz</rs> gelüb söyleşmege mevḳūf ḳalub <lb/>mezbūr ilçiñüz <rs
            ref="#mpr19424"
            type="person">Mīkel</rs> ḥüsn-i icāzetimüz olub ol cānibe irsāl olundı gerekdür
               ki nāme-i hümāyūnumuzla varub <lb/>vuṣūl bulduḳda dostluḳda s̱ābit-ḳadem olub
               dergāh-ı ʿālem-penāhumuzla olan ṣulḥ u ṣalāḥ emri riʿāyet olınmaḳ <lb/>murāduñuz ise
               hidāyeti eglendürmeyüb istiʿcāl üzere gönderüb ve <rs
            ref="#mpr9372" type="place">vilāyet-i Erdel</rs> sınurında olan leşkerüñüzi <lb/>muḳaddem ḳaldırub yerlerine
               gönderesiz ki anlar mürācaʿata mübāşeret itdükleri gibi ʿasker-i hümāyūnumuza emrümüz
               olmışdur ki <lb/>
          <rs ref="#mpr14221" type="person">ḳrāl oġlı</rs> ile yerlerine
               ʿavdet ideler ki bir <rs
            ref="#mpr19424" type="person">ilçiñüzle</rs> hedāyāñuz
               geldükde <del rend="overstriked">bundan evvel irsāl olınan <lb/>ʿahd-nāme-i
                  hümāyunumuz muḳteżāsınca</del>
          <rs ref="#mpr2037" type="place">Bānā</rs> ve <rs ref="#mpr14069" type="place">Toḳāy</rs> ḳalʿaları <del
            rend="overstriked">ki</del> mūmā ileyh<rs ref="#mpr14221"
            type="person">ḳrāl
                  oġlunuñ</rs> elinde ḳalub <rs ref="#mpr9372"
            type="place">vilāyet-i Erdelde</rs>
               iki cānibden alınan ḳalʿalar gerü ṣāḥiblerine <lb/>virilüb ol ṭarafda vāḳiʿ olan
               ḫuṣūmet ve cidāl <unclear
            cert="low">mürtefiʿ</unclear> ve nizāʿ munḳaṭiʿ olub
               eyyām-ı <del extent="5"
            unit="char"/> ʿad<add
            place="superlinear">āletümüzde</add> ol
               <lb/>yerlerüñ reʿāyāsı ıẓṭırābdan ḫalāṣ olub iṭmīnān-ı ḳalb ile refāhiyyetde olalar
               eger ʿasker-i hümāyūnumuzuñ cemʿiyyetin ṭāġıdub <lb/>bir miḳdār zamān maṣlahat ʿav̇k
               olınmaḳ <del
            rend="overstriked">lāzım gelirse</del> mülāḥaẓa olınursa ki ṣoñra ʿamele
               gelür ḫuṣūṣ olmaya ṣulḥ u ṣalāḥa muḫālif <lb/>vażʿa rıżā virilmez iḫlāṣla dostluḳ
               şarṭların riʿāyet iderseñüz keẕālik bu cānibden riʿāyet olınur eger düşmanlık
               <lb/>iderseñüz aña göre muḳteżi olan umūr tedārik olınur taḥrīren fī<date
            calendar="#hijri" notAfter="1565-07-10" notBefore="1565-07-01">evāʿil-i
                  ẕi’l-ḥicceti’ş-şerīfe sene sebʿa ve sebʿīn ve tisʿa-miʾe</date>
          <lb/>Be-maḳām-ı <rs ref="#mpr16051" type="place">Ḳosṭanṭiniyye el-maḥrūse</rs>
        </ab>
      </div>
      <div type="translation" xml:id="graviz.l.15650709.trans" xml:lang="en">
        <p xml:id="p.1">
          <date when="1565-09-09">On the tenth day of the noble month of Dhu al-Hijjah, the
                  blessed year of 972</date>
        </p>
        <p xml:id="p.2">Noble letter to the <rs ref="#mpr6718" type="place">Austrian</rs> and <rs ref="#mpr9291"
            type="place">German</rs> King <rs ref="#mpr14157"
            type="person">Maximilian</rs>: Your letter of friendship came with your envoy <rs ref="#mpr19424" type="person">Michael</rs>
        </p>
        <list>
          <item
              xml:id="item.1">That when the eight-year-long peace and amity, safety and security between us
                  and your father <rs
              ref="#mpr7956" type="person">Emperor Ferdinand</rs> expires,
                  you desire to renew the peace on your behalf and behalf of your brothers and you
                  wish to observe the conditions of friendship in compliance to our imperial letter
                  of agreement that will be dispatched to you. </item>
          <item xml:id="item.2">That due to the affair between you and the <rs ref="#mpr14221"
              type="person">[Hungarian] King’s son</rs>, your troops marched on to his quarters. <rs ref="#mpr14221"
              type="person">The King’s son</rs> then concluded peace with the
                  commander and captains of your troops on the condition that the fortresses
                  captured from him remain in your possession. When the <rs
              ref="#mpr19421" type="person">Governer-General(Beylerbeyi)</rs>
            <rs ref="#mpr1785"
              type="place">
                     of Timișoaraand</rs> our imperial troops met with the <rs
              ref="#mpr14221"
              type="person">King’s son</rs>, they discussed the matter of previously
                  captured fortresses and the issue of <rs
              ref="#mpr19422"
              type="place">Pancota</rs>
                  Fortress which was captured due to its betrayal of Muslim troops. <rs
              ref="#mpr19422"
              type="place">Pancota</rs> was returned to its owner, upon which my
                  triumphant troops, the aforesaid <rs
              ref="#mpr19420" type="person">
                     Governer-General (beylerbeyi)</rs>, and the <rs
              ref="#mpr14221" type="person">King’s son</rs> returned to their quarters. Your troops, too, returned to
                  their quarters.</item>
          <item xml:id="item.3">That, in this way, you obey and surrender from the bottom of your heart to the
                  imperial letter of agreement.</item>
          <item xml:id="item.4">That the borderlands around <rs ref="#mpr14103"
              type="place">Szigetvár</rs> and
                     <rs ref="#mpr14130" type="place">Eger</rs> as well as other frontiers are
                  firmly protected and, thus, the peace and amity are in a robust state.</item>
          <item xml:id="item.5">That the required gifts will be dispatched, as promised last year, without
                  delay.</item>
        </list>
        <p
            xml:id="p.3">In this way, you declared, with inner peace, your sincere friendship. Likewise,
               whatever has been instructed and reported by you to <rs
            ref="#mpr19424" type="person">your envoy</rs> situated at our sublime gate was presented to the finest detail
               to our exalted, illustrious court. They have been comprehended by our world-adorning
               noble knowledge. </p>
        <p xml:id="p.4">The <rs ref="#mpr9372"
            type="place">Transylvanian Province</rs> is a land of ours
               conquered by our overwhelming strength, thanks to the grace of his majesties God, the
               most holy, the exalted. The <rs
            ref="#mpr14221" type="person">King’s son</rs> had
               captured the <rs ref="#mpr9372"
            type="place">aforesaid province</rs> with the help of
               our most excellent <rs ref="#mpr14045"
            type="person">sultan</rs> and in the presence
               of our victorious banner. Just as our other commanders, his affairs depend on our
               noble orders. How reliable is a peace he concluded with your commanders and captains
               without our imperial permission? In a matter concerning my well-protected lands, <rs
            ref="#mpr19392" type="person">I</rs> regard your mentioning of their pledge to you
               as extremely improbable. </p>
        <p xml:id="p.5">Previously, when your <rs ref="#mpr19424"
            type="person">aforesaid envoy</rs> came to my
               court, we discussed the places that the <rs
            ref="#mpr14221"
            type="person">King’s
                  son</rs> captured unjustly during his conflict with <rs
            ref="#mpr19427" type="person">Melchior Balassa</rs>. We agreed that all fortresses except <rs ref="#mpr2037"
            type="place">Nagybánya</rs> will be relinquished to you and we sent
               our imperial letter of agreement concerning the matter. Before the letter was
               delivered to you, you raised troops in violation of the imperial agreement between
               us, dispatched them to that <rs
            ref="#mpr9372" type="place">province</rs>, demanded
                  <rs ref="#mpr15756"
            type="place">Szatmár</rs>Fortress, raided <rs ref="#mpr14069" type="place">Tokaj</rs> and <rs
            ref="#mpr19423"
            type="place">Szerencs</rs>,
               carried out minor offensives on other fortresses, and captured many places. It is not
               suitable to postpone the matter until the arrival of your<rs
            ref="#mpr19424"
            type="person">envoy</rs>. However, as a requirement of friendship you displayed,
               your <rs
            ref="#mpr19424" type="person">envoy</rs> who arrived was detained to discuss
               the matter and then sent back to you with our imperial permission.</p>
        <p
            xml:id="p.6">It is required that when our imperial letter arrives, if your wish is to be steadfast
               in friendship and to observe the peace and amity with our court which is the shelter
               of the world, send the gifts swiftly without delay. Next, withdraw your troops
               deployed at the borders of the <rs
            ref="#mpr9372"
            type="place">Transylvanian
                  Province</rs>. We also ordered our imperial troops to return to their quarters
               together with the <rs
            ref="#mpr14221"
            type="person">King’s son</rs> as soon as your
               soldiers begin their retreat. Likewise, once your gifts arrive with an agent,
               pursuant to the imperial letter of agreement previously sent to you,<rs
            ref="#mpr2037" type="place">Nagybánya</rs> and <rs ref="#mpr14069"
            type="place">Tokaj</rs>
               shall be left in the possession of the <rs ref="#mpr14221"
            type="person">King’s
                  son</rs>. Other fortresses captured from both sides in the <rs
            ref="#mpr9372" type="place">Province of Transylvania</rs> shall be returned to their owners.
               Thus, the hostilities, combat, and disputes shall end so that under our just reign
               the subjects of those quarters shall be delivered from misery and live with peace of
               mind and in comfort.</p>
        <p xml:id="p.7">After our imperial troops are dismissed, if you consider delaying the affair for some
               time, expecting nothing to happen, no consent will be given to occurrences contrary
               to peace and amity. If you sincerely observe the conditions of friendship, we will do
               the same. If you show hostility, we will likewise undertake the necessary
               actions.</p>
        <closer>Written in the<date calendar="#hijri" notAfter="1565-07-10"
            notBefore="1565-07-01">first third of the noble month of Dhu al-Hijjah, the year
                  of 972</date> At the abode of the well-protected <rs
            ref="#mpr16051" type="place">Constantinople</rs>
        </closer>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
