Document Modeling with the TEI Critical Apparatus Elisa Beshero-Bondar Associate Professor of English University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg ebbondar@gmail.com Hugh Cayless Digital Humanities Senior Programmer Duke University Libraries philomousos@gmail.com Raffaele Viglianti Research Programmer University of Maryland rviglian@umd.edu James Cummings Senior Lecturer in Late-Medieval Literature and Digital Humanities Newcastle University james@blushingbunny.net K Zentrum für Informationsmodellierung - Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Austria Zentrum für Informationsmodellierung - Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Austria GAMS - Geisteswissenschaftliches Asset Management System Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 2019 Graz o:tei2019.150

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Panels tei2019

en critical apparatus document modeling variorum MEI TEI Prepared this in JTEI format and added role names to affiliations already posted on ConfTool. One minor proofing correction in body of abstract.

This panel addresses the TEI critical apparatus as a data model, investigating how it has expanded the capacity of scholarly editions to articulate and analyze phenomena of textual variation and multiplicity. We will discuss how the TEI critical apparatus, as a structure that mediates distinct versions of a work, is expanding horizons for multidimensional and pluralistic document modeling. Our panel surveys recent experiments with the critical apparatus that have led to new kinds of scholarly research and in some cases to revisions to the TEI Guidelines. What kinds of research questions and applications can we support with the TEI critical apparatus, and what practical challenges do we face in working with it in inline and stand-off ways?

We begin by investigating how the TEI critical apparatus has transformed the expressive capacity of scholarly editions to prioritize textual multiplicity. We continue by sharing data models that apply TEI critical apparatus as a stand-off spine for connecting independently encoded witnesses. We conclude by inviting the audience to discuss with us the scalability of these methods for texts with large numbers of witnesses, and the technological challenges and opportunities of stand-off methods in light of recent changes to the TEI Guidelines.

What is a Critical Apparatus, Really? Hugh Cayless.

A critical apparatus in a printed scholarly edition is the set of notes made by an editor in support of their presentation of a text. The TEI Guidelines’ Critical Apparatus module builds on the notion of the critical apparatus in print to do something different and more powerful—to actually model textual variation rather than simply note where it occurs. Textual variation and its expression is particularly complex. Texts can vary along a number of axes: an editor may be faced with a work that has a number of similar versions, so that it may be possible to infer an original text; more significant variation may happen, so that while a single work is identifiable, no single text exemplifies that work; several differing stages in the development of a final edition may be extant; a single document may have multiple, differing editions. There are also different philosophies of edition-making that vary across discipline and document type. This presentation will set the stage for the panel by defining the intellectual space occupied by different types of Digital Scholarly Edition and providing examples of the ways different kinds of DSEs are realized. A number of these efforts are predicated on the idea that the critical apparatus is obsolete. What then does that mean for the Critical Apparatus module?

This is (not) Spinal Tap: Modeling to Prioritize Variance Elisa Beshero-Bondar

This and the following paper are related, based on the development of a stand-off spine for variorum editions. Working on the ​Frankenstein Variorum​ project, we designed a model that we call a spine as a backbone or binding, designed to prioritize the reading of changes to a work over time rather than to marginalize such reading in the tradition of the print apparatus. The spine begins as the edited output of machine-assisted collation, and is transformed into a stand-off document containing pointers and data about variant passages. It is used to generate reading views of each edition that can either: Generate TEI XML editions of each distinct version, or Highlight passages in an existing TEI edition without altering that edition at all using TEI XPointer schemes. In the first case, the apparatus can construct new TEI editions, locating moments of alteration based on alignment information stored in the spine. In the second, the apparatus alone is needed to connect with existing editions. Through the spine we can pull something as complex as TEI page-by-page manuscript encoding—without altering it—into a new web interface that points out where the manuscript semantically aligns with and varies from the printed editions. Thanks to the document model of our spine we produce from collation data a lightweight and readily updatable mechanism to bring multiple kinds of editions into comparative view.

Publishing a stand-off critical apparatus: Leveraging isomorphic representations across text and music notation Raffaele Viglianti .

The spine collation described in the previous paper relies on stand-off markup techniques and pointers in order to represent variance across a number of sources. In building a web based publication out of this structure, the code will need to follow these pointers to locate, collect, and publish these resources through an interactive website. This would be quite a challenge with traditional transformations of TEI data to HTML structures, because the pointers would need to be reinterpreted to locate data in the HTML surrogate. ​CETEIcean​, a tool for rendering TEI directly in the browser, creates an isomorphic representation of a TEI document as HTML Custom Elements. This direct correspondence between the TEI data and its surrogate makes it easier to follow pointers from the spine collation and build interactive publications. This presentation will introduce the ​Early Modern Songscapes​ project, in which this approach has been tested for both text and music notation. It is possible to apply this approach to music notation data because the Music Encoding Initiative format (MEI) provides structures equivalent to the TEI critical apparatus and the tool ​Verovio​ generates an isomorphic SVG representation of MEI data to be published as an interactive score in the browser.

Response: Data models, many-witness texts, and the future of apparatus markup James Cummings

In the final contribution James Cummings will respond to the previous three panelists’ presentations, by reflecting on their views of the TEI critical apparatus markup as a data model that both expresses interpretations of multi-witness texts and creates structures for comparative analysis. He will respond to the practical challenges the previous panelists have described with open-ended questions designed to lead into discussion with the audience. He will call attention to the difficulties and lack of technological support for individual projects using TEI critical apparatus markup through stand-off or out-of-line methodologies. He will question how scalable these solutions might prove to be for those working with traditions that involve a significant number of witnesses, or whether there may be similarly progressive workflows for encoding copy-specific apparatus for large witness groups. Part of the response will highlight for the audience some of the more recent modifications to the TEI Guidelines in this area, for example the move from allowing just phrase-level content in <rdg> elements to larger structures such as <div> and <floatingText>, and the additional challenges this may introduce. In doing so, this response will question where TEI critical apparatus markup might develop in the future.